L'Agenda des Médiévistes

Medieval Scandinavia went through momentous changes. Regional power centres merged and gave birth to the three strong kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. At the end of the Middle Ages, they together formed the enormous Kalmar Union comprising almost all lands around the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. In the Middle Ages, Scandinavia became part of a common Europe, yet preserved its own distinct cultural markers.

Scandinavia in the Middle Ages 900–1550 covers the entire Middle Ages into an engaging narrative. The book gives a chronological overview of political, ecclesiastical, cultural, and economic developments. It integrates to this narrative climatic changes, energy crises, devastating epidemies, family life and livelihood, arts, education, technology and literature, and much else. The book shows how different groups had an important role in shaping society: kings and peasants, pious priests, nuns and crusaders, merchants, and students, without forgetting minorities such as Sámi and Jews. The book is divided into three chronological parts 900–1200, 1200–1400, and 1400–1550, where analyses of general trends are illustrated by the acts of individual men and women.

This book is essential reading for students of, as well as all those interested in, medieval Scandinavia and Europe more broadly.

Kirsi Salonen is Professor of Medieval History at the University of Bergen, Norway. Her previous publications include Papal Justice in the Late Middle Ages. The Sacra Romana Rota (2016); and she is the co-editor of Scandinavia and the Vatican Archives (2022).

Kurt Villads Jensen is Professor of Medieval History and Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies at Stockholm University, Sweden. His previous publications include Crusading at the Edges of Europe. Denmark and Portugal c.1000–c.1250 (2017); and he is the co-author of The Rise and Fall of the Danish Empire (2022).

Table des matières :

Introduction

Part I: 900–1200: Formation

1. Coming of the Kingdoms

2. Coming of Christ

3. Tilling the Land – The Local Economy

4. Cultural Tradition and Transition

Part II: 1200–1400: Consolidation and Restructuring

5. Dominion over the Seas

6. Consolidation of the Church

7. Economic Growth and Fall – Urbanisation and Agrarian Crisis

8. Cultural Universalism

Part III: 1400–c. 1550: Power in Crises

9. Rise and Fall of the Kalmar Union

10. Fall of the Church

11. Economic Expansion – The International Market Economy

12. A Revolution in Communication

Informations pratiques :

Kirsi Salonen, Kurt Villads Jensen, Scandinavia in the Middle Ages 900-1550. Between Two Oceans, Londres, Routledge, 2023 ; 1 vol., 340 p. ISBN : 978-0-36755-869-7. Prix : GBP 32,99.

Source : Routledge

Documents recording the interrogation of sixteen women and the nature of their unusual spiritual practices, now available in a full edition and, for the first time, a full English translation.

In September 1332, in the town of Świdnica, an important economic and communication centre of what was then Silesia, a group of sixteen women stood before the Dominican inquisitor, John of Schwenkenfeld, to testify about the local community of beguines, who called themselves the Hooded Sisters or the Daughters of Odelindis. We are fortunate that the original records of this heresy interrogation have survived, preserved as a notarial instrument drawn up shortly afterwards, eventually transferred to the Papal Curia, and now kept in the Vatican Library. The documents provide unique insights into the everyday life and spirituality of this group of lay women, as they attempted to adopt the ideals of vita apostolica. They lived in the strict poverty they thought necessary for spiritual perfection, and took part in austere ascetic practices, including regular flagellation and a strict diet regime, aiming to mortify sinful flesh and help them achieve mystical union with God.

Using this evidence, the authors of this book piece together a sense of who these interrogated beguines were and the nature of their spiritual practices. Were they pious illiterates, or self-trained theologians, keenly interested in debates around the doctrine of such intellectuals as Master Eckhart, John Duns Scotus and Thomas Aquinas? The book also addresses the nature of their interrogation and the conduct of Friar John of Schwenkenfeld. And it contains a full edition and, for the first time, a full English translation of the documents themselves.

Paweł Kras is Associate Professor at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies in Lublin; his main area of study is the systems of the Inquisition in Medieval Europe.

Tomasz Gałuszka OP is Associate Professor at the Papal University of John Paul II in Krakow and Director of the Dominican Historical Institute; his research focuses on Henry Harrer`s Tractatus contra beghardos, the Dominicansand early fourteenth-century heresy in Lesser Poland.

Table des matières :

Foreword by Robert E. Lerner

Part One: Historical Studies
Preface
1. The Rise of the Beguines
2. The Council of Vienne and the Persecution of Beguines
3. John of Schwenkenfeld O.P. and the Interrogations of Świdnica Beguines
4. The Daughters of Odelindis: Identity and Religious Practice
5. A Dominican Inquisitor and Theological Controversies of His Times
6. Conclusions

Part Two: Latin Edition and English Translation of the 1332 Protocol
Description of the Manuscripts
Criticial Study
Editorial Principles
Examinatio testium in causa Capuciatarum monialium in Swydnicz
Examination of Witnesses in the Case of the Hooded Sisters at Świdnica

The Swesteren of Odelind of Piritz and Cologne and their European Context
Letha Böhringer

Bibliography
Index

Informations pratiques :

The Beguines of Medieval Świdnica. The Interrogation of the « Daughters of Odelindis » in 1332, éd. Paweł Kras, Tomasz Gałuszka, Woodbridge, Boydell and Brewer, 2023 ; 1 vol., 316 p. (Heresy and Inquisition in the Middle Ages). ISBN : 978-1-80010-914-8. Prix : GBP 75,00.

Source : Boydell and Brewer

This definitive environmental history of medieval fish and fisheries provides a comprehensive examination of European engagement with aquatic systems between c. 500 and 1500 CE. Using textual, zooarchaeological, and natural records, Richard C. Hoffmann’s unique study spans marine and freshwater fisheries across western Christendom, discusses effects of human-nature relations and presents a deeper understanding of evolving European aquatic ecosystems. Changing climates, landscapes, and fishing pressures affected local stocks enough to shift values of fish, fishing rights, and dietary expectations. Readers learn what the abbess Waldetrudis in seventh-century Hainault, King Ramiro II (d.1157) of Aragon, and thirteenth-century physician Aldebrandin of Siena shared with English antiquarian William Worcester (d. 1482), and the young Martin Luther growing up in Germany soon thereafter. Sturgeon and herring, carp, cod, and tuna played distinctive roles. Hoffmann highlights how encounters between medieval Europeans and fish had consequences for society and the environment – then and now.

Richard Hoffmann is Professor Emeritus in History at York University, Toronto, and author of the acclaimed An Environmental History of Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 2014).

Table des matières :

Introduction
Considering fisheries: medieval Europe and its legacies
1. ‘Natural’ aquatic ecosystems around Late Holocene Europe
2. Protein, penance, and prestige: medieval demand for fish
3. Take and eat: subsistence fishing in and beyond the Early Middle Ages
4. Master artisans and local markets
5. Aquatic systems under stress, ca. 1000–1350
6. Cultural responses to scarcities of fish
7. Going beyond natural local ecosystems I: carp aquaculture as ecological revolution
8. Going beyond natural local ecosystems II: over the horizon toward abundance and ‘tragedy’
9. Last casts: two perspectives on past environmental relations.

Informations pratiques :

Richard C. Hoffmann, The Catch. An Environmental History of Medieval European Fisheries, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2023 ; 1 vol., 350 p. (Studies in Environment and History). ISBN : 978-1-10895-820-2. Prix : GBP 34,99.

Source : Cambridge University Press